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Google is making it mandatory to have Play Services for its next-generation reCAPTCHA system on Android.
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Your phone will need to be running Play Services version 25.41.30 or greater when the system asks you to scan a QR code for verification.
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This hurdle means that de-Googled phones will fail the verification test by default.
It’s not just anti-competition, but anti-privacy - Google will know exactly who is going to what sites, regardless of your browser.