Maintenance is done at night and, when that’s not happening, they run freight trains. In Tokyo, last train used to be like 1:30ish on some lines and started up again a bit before 5am. Now it’s more like a bit after midnight and starting again closer to 5am. JR is a private company (a group of them, actually) and they keep squeezing things further, presumably for more profit.
They did start a bus line between nightlife areas a few years ago, but it never got popular and was closed (and also just took drunk people around from one party area to the next and not home).
Maintenance is done at night and, when that’s not happening, they run freight trains. In Tokyo, last train used to be like 1:30ish on some lines and started up again a bit before 5am. Now it’s more like a bit after midnight and starting again closer to 5am. JR is a private company (a group of them, actually) and they keep squeezing things further, presumably for more profit.
They did start a bus line between nightlife areas a few years ago, but it never got popular and was closed (and also just took drunk people around from one party area to the next and not home).