Researchers from the University of Cambridge and GlitterinTech, a startup founded by the same research group, have unveiled a fundamentally new type of optical spectrometer that delivers laboratory-grade precision in a device small enough to be embedded in portable and wearable technologies. By rethinking how spectra are measured and processed, the team has demonstrated a spectrometer costing only around $10, operating at a centimeter scale, and capable of applications ranging from industrial quality control to real-time health care monitoring.
Now I’m wondering, does the designer bear the cost of wafer yield, or the manufacturer?
Like do I pay for X amount of wafers and pray it’s got a good yield, or do I pay for Y amount of working chips and the manufacturer prays instead?
I feel like the manufacturer has the most impact on yield, but probably the contract provides an estimate for a specific process
I worked in contract manufacturing for making electronics.
We had certain contractual yields required. If the yield was below 90% (industry standard), they would pay us for the scrap. The assumption for that being they should have a confidence and reliability in their process that allows it to be higher. If we produced a higher yield than 90%, they got those for free.
Of course, yield numbers and reimbursement terms can be negotiated as part of the contracts.
I am not 100% sure, but I think that the designer bears the cost of the wafer yield.
The PDK is specific to the manufacturer, and I imagine that the risk associated with specific features is known and the yield range can be estimated. A design with more and riskier the features would lower the expected yield, and it makes sense that this risk gets passed onto the designer. The contract may have some protections for the case when the yield is significantly lower than expected because of the manufacturer’s fault. Just a guess though, it would be great if someone with real experience can answer.