

I think smaller communities would be great for many reasons. But I think scale is a key to our current level of productivity. And I think it’s required for building certain complicated technologies, like industrial farm equipment or computer chips. And without industrial farm equipment, farmers are less productive, so your village of 300 people might need to be mostly farmers. I think this is what was required in the past, but with the industrial revolution it opened up so people could specialize in other things.
There wouldn’t need to be capitalist villages, I think that some would inevitably form. Maybe many people are okay to just do a job and get rewarded the same as everyone else, but others might prefer something closer to the current system. And assuming no one is preventing them from existing, how do you prevent someone from deciding that they would be better off in a capitalist village where they might get paid more than in the sharing village?
Maybe you’re right that nuclear power is a red herring. Say we rely on solar panels or windmills. I think these are also complicated to build and require some rare materials. Who would volunteer to go to a remote copper mine if they could instead stay at home and work on something else for the same reward?
And maybe people are passionate about that sort of thing, so it’d be okay. But surely there are some jobs that are important but not as appealing. Who would clean the sewers or do something a bit dangerous like fix power lines or maybe washing windows? And I’d bet that many people might still go to 8+ years of medical school to become a doctor, but would people still do that for some less appealing careers?
So I feel like you need to offer some extra reward to incentivize people to do jobs that they wouldn’t want to do. Part of why I say this is because I’m counting down the days until I can have a vacation, and eventually retire. My job is “okay” but I’d rather work on fun hobby projects, but I don’t think anyone would ever pay me for them. One viable option is for me to work my normal job to make money to buy food, but then take time off to work on fun stuff that I enjoy, but no one wants to pay me for (or trade me for food).
So assuming you offer some reward to people for the less fun jobs, how do you prevent them leaving for capitalist villages which would presumably always reward them more? This is the key issue IMO. Unless getting rid of capitalism results in huge savings by not needing to advertise, compete, etc.
I mention dream technology because I feel like that can help with some of the scale issues. Maybe with unlimited power and 3D printers, a small village could produce everything they need, so you don’t need to worry about struggling just to produce everything you need for survival.
It exists now, but it is complicated to produce and maintain, let alone develop from scratch. I don’t think it can be done by a village of 300 people, even if they have access to all the information they could need and education and all that. Even if they had all the knowledge needed, the infrastructure required to produce it is large and expensive. Maybe a village could specialize in producing tractors, but I don’t think they could also make their own cell phones. And they only need so many tractors for themselves, so what would they do next? Either sell the additional tractors they build to another village, or change their production lines to make something else-- though they may need more tractors suddenly in the future.
A lot of what you’re saying relies on efficient recycling and automation. Once we have this, then sure maybe a sharing utopia would be possible. But I’m not convinced that we’re close to that. A lot of companies are trying to develop self driving cars, a lot of money stands to be made from that over paying truck drivers/taxis/etc. But it’s hard. Japan is investing a lot in automation because of their aging population causing future labour shortages. We’re making progress but it takes a lot of time, and it’s not clear if it will ever be completely possible. So currently it is basically “dream technology”.
Have you read about the history of the Soviet Union? The number of people fleeing from East to West was significant enough to build a wall to keep them in. Fleeing in the other direction was almost unheard of. I don’t think simply “giving up capitalism” is all that we need to create a better life, I think there still needs to be some way of deciding how to allocate resources that are used for different things. Historically it seems like the answer to that is either having a centralized government make the decisions, or having a capitalist free market do it. Both can be corrupted, make bad decisions, and result in shortages of food and other essentials. Both can cause some polarization of wealth. I don’t think there’s a third option of “everyone just be better”, since once you reach a certain point, it only takes a few people taking advantage of a system to ruin it. I would happily just “be better”, but I don’t have enough faith in others to do the same. I’d only have to observe a few people taking advantage before deciding that the system is doomed and I’d be better off in a different economic system.