Could also be epigenetic effects that we currently do not well understand.
Turns out that you actually can and do sort of pass on the cumulative effects of what has happened to you before you reproduce. And this does seem to include testosterone production.
Now that’s paywalled, but the abstract seems to me to indicate that at least broadly… this is probably part of the puzzle.
Stress, your metabolic state due to your diet (of ultra processed foods), environmental pollutants, things like that… may significantly contribute to how much T your offspring are gonna be making.
Could also be epigenetic effects that we currently do not well understand.
Turns out that you actually can and do sort of pass on the cumulative effects of what has happened to you before you reproduce. And this does seem to include testosterone production.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11010-025-05366-0
Now that’s paywalled, but the abstract seems to me to indicate that at least broadly… this is probably part of the puzzle.
Stress, your metabolic state due to your diet (of ultra processed foods), environmental pollutants, things like that… may significantly contribute to how much T your offspring are gonna be making.