The hole through the center makes a hole around it inside the mug.
Yeah, the hole through the center is one hole (the “donut hole”). The handle is the other (the “handle hole”).
Topologically, the lip of the mug is a boundary, not a hole. This object is of genus 2 given it’s a 2-manifold.
But we can show this assuming the lip isn’t an abrupt boundary and that instead that the outer wall of the inner loop is part of the same side as the outside of the mug (i.e. that you can continuously walk on the surface from the outside past the lip without crossing an abrupt boundary, which more closely matches the physical reality of this mug).
Watch this: imagine a loop around the hole of a donut. Now try to contract that loop down. Without cutting it, you can’t.
Now take a loop around the lip of this coffee mug. You can contract it to a point by bringing it all over the lip of the mug, then inside, along the outer walls, and then finally down to the bottom of the mug. It all meets up there. No hole. There’s the donut hole and the handle hole, but the colloquial “hole” is either a boundary if the lip is flat or not even a boundary if it continuously curves inward.
Now take a loop around the lip of this coffee mug. You can contract it to a point by bringing it all over the lip of the mug, then inside, along the outer walls, and then finally down to the bottom of the mug.
Yeah, the hole through the center is one hole (the “donut hole”). The handle is the other (the “handle hole”).
Topologically, the lip of the mug is a boundary, not a hole. This object is of genus 2 given it’s a 2-manifold.
But we can show this assuming the lip isn’t an abrupt boundary and that instead that the outer wall of the inner loop is part of the same side as the outside of the mug (i.e. that you can continuously walk on the surface from the outside past the lip without crossing an abrupt boundary, which more closely matches the physical reality of this mug).
Watch this: imagine a loop around the hole of a donut. Now try to contract that loop down. Without cutting it, you can’t.
Now take a loop around the lip of this coffee mug. You can contract it to a point by bringing it all over the lip of the mug, then inside, along the outer walls, and then finally down to the bottom of the mug. It all meets up there. No hole. There’s the donut hole and the handle hole, but the colloquial “hole” is either a boundary if the lip is flat or not even a boundary if it continuously curves inward.
Nope, donut hole is in the way.