Free software licenses generally don’t restrict what kind of study or what kind of changes you can make. A lot of licences explicitly say “for any purpose”. There are licences that add additional restrictions, for example restricting the field of use to non-military, but they are not free software licenses.
ETA: the question of where liability lies for infringing terms of a source license occur should a LLM model launder for example GPL code into a propriety code base is something that will have to be decided by the courts.
Free software licenses generally don’t restrict what kind of study or what kind of changes you can make. A lot of licences explicitly say “for any purpose”. There are licences that add additional restrictions, for example restricting the field of use to non-military, but they are not free software licenses.
ETA: the question of where liability lies for infringing terms of a source license occur should a LLM model launder for example GPL code into a propriety code base is something that will have to be decided by the courts.