Cybersecurity researchers have disclosed details of a Linux local privilege escalation (LPE) flaw that could allow an unprivileged local user to obtain root.

The high-severity vulnerability tracked as CVE-2026-31431 (CVSS score: 7.8) has been codenamed Copy Fail by Xint.io and Theori.

“An unprivileged local user can write four controlled bytes into the page cache of any readable file on a Linux system, and use that to gain root,” the vulnerability research team at Xint.io and Theori said.

At its core, the vulnerability stems from a logic flaw in the Linux kernel’s cryptographic subsystem, specifically within the algif_aead module. The issue was introduced in a source code commit made in August 2017.

Successful exploitation of the shortcoming could allow a simple 732-byte Python script to edit a setuid binary and obtain root on essentially all Linux distributions shipped since 2017, including Amazon Linux, RHEL, SUSE, and Ubuntu. The Python exploit involves four steps -

• Open an AF_ALG socket and bind to authencesn(hmac(sha256),cbc(aes))
• Construct the shellcode payload
• Trigger the write operation to the kernel’s cached copy of “/usr/bin/su”
• Call execve(“/usr/bin/su”) to load the injected shellcode and run it as root

While the vulnerability is not remotely exploitable in isolation, a local unprivileged user can get root simply by corrupting the page cache of a setuid binary. The same primitive also has cross-container impacts as the page cache is shared across all processes on a system.